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Figure 1.
The MD Anderson Cancer Center algorithm for management of surgically resectable bladder cancer
Risk-adapted approach to patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer by selecting patients who are at high risk of death from disease to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who are at low risk, defined as clinical stage CIS (carcinoma in situ), Ta, T1, or T2 only (in the absence of lymphovascular invasion, non-urothelial or variant histology, and hydronephrosis), are offered upfront cystectomy. |
