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Deletion of MP/ARF5 domains III and IV reveals a requirement for Aux/IAA regulation in Arabidopsis leaf vascular patterning.
New Phytol. 2012 Apr; 194(2):391-401
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16 Feb 2012
Technical Advance
DOI: 10.3410/f.13847958.15286058
This article is interesting as it presents a new approach for dissecting the genetic redundancy involved in auxin response factor (ARF) functioning. While the ARFs have been known for over 15 years, the specific functions of the more than 20 ARFs have remained enigmatic. The authors of this paper used...Continue reading
This article is interesting as it presents a new approach for dissecting the genetic redundancy involved in auxin response factor (ARF) functioning. While the ARFs have been known for over 15 years, the specific functions of the more than 20 ARFs have remained enigmatic. The authors of this paper used a novel approach of creating a truncated version of ARF5 (also known as monopteros [MP]) from which two domains were removed.
These domains are found in all ARFs and are critical for ARF binding to their negative regulators, the auxin/indole acetic acids (Aux/IAAs). Thus, this truncated ARF5 no longer binds to its repressor and functions as a gain-of-function mutation. The phenotypes of this transgenic plant included a number of auxin-regulated processes including vascular patterning. This approach can now be used with the other ARFs. As the Aux/IAAs also contain this same protein-interaction domain, this approach can also conceivably be used for dissecting Aux/IAA functioning.
These domains are found in all ARFs and are critical for ARF binding to their negative regulators, the auxin/indole acetic acids (Aux/IAAs). Thus, this truncated ARF5 no longer binds to its repressor and functions as a gain-of-function mutation. The phenotypes of this transgenic plant included a number of auxin-regulated processes including vascular patterning. This approach can now be used with the other ARFs. As the Aux/IAAs also contain this same protein-interaction domain, this approach can also conceivably be used for dissecting Aux/IAA functioning.
Disclosures
None declared
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Chamovitz D: F1000Prime Recommendation of [Krogan NT et al., New Phytol 2012, 194(2):391-401]. In F1000Prime, 16 Feb 2012; DOI: 10.3410/f.13847958.15286058. F1000Prime.com/13847958#eval15286058
F1000Prime Recommendations, Dissents and Comments for [Krogan NT et al., New Phytol 2012, 194(2):391-401]. In F1000Prime, 18 May 2013; F1000Prime.com/13847958
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• Combinatorial interactions of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs) and auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins through their common domains III and IV regulate auxin responses, but insight into the functions of individual proteins is still limited. • As a new tool to explore this regulatory network, we generated a gain-of-function ARF genotype by eliminating domains III and IV from the functionally well-characterized ARF MONOPTEROS(MP)/ARF5. • This truncated version of MP, termed MPΔ, conferred complementing MP activity, but also displayed a number of semi-dominant traits affecting auxin signaling and organ patterning. In MPΔ, the expression levels of many auxin-inducible genes, as well as rooting properties and vascular tissue abundance, were enhanced. Lateral organs were narrow, pointed and filled with parallel veins. This effect was epistatic over the vascular hypotrophy imposed by certain Aux/IAA mutations. Further, in MPΔ leaves, failure to turn off the procambium-selecting gene PIN1 led to the early establishment of oversized central procambial domains and very limited subsequent lateral growth of the leaf lamina. • We conclude that MPΔ can selectively uncouple a single ARF from regulation by Aux/IAA proteins and can be used as a genetic tool to probe auxin pathways and explore leaf development.
© 2012 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2012 New Phytologist Trust.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04064.x
PMID: 22320407
